More Resources to Questions
| Link | Description | Other comments |
| link | Information about the surface web | Content on answers.com |
| link | Information about the deep web | Content on answers.com |
| link | The invisible web | |
| link | What Is the 'Invisible Web'? | 90% of all pages are not locatable by search engines |
| link | Search engines and Spam | Part of a research paper from Stanford University |
| link | Page rank explained by linksand law.com | There is a large amount of information related to the calculations that are beyond the scope of the course |
| link | Google's PageRank Explained | |
| link | Search engine optimisation tips | |
| link | Whitehatworks.com | An opinion of how the Google Page Rank algorithm has been recalculated fro 2010-11 |
| link | Search engines, crawlers and pagerank | The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine |
| link | Video - How search works | Google Video on Search engines - good starting point |
| Link | Google - how search works | Google's description of how search works |
| Link | Infographic from Google on Search | How Search works Infographic |
C3 Distributed approaches to the web (6 hours)
Computing methods such as Grid, Ubiquitous, P2P, Mobile. Open standards. Compression techniques.
| Link | Description | Other comments |
| link | What is Grid Computing? | An outline of Grid Computing |
| link | What is Ubiquitous Computing | An introduction to Ubiquitous Computing (needs a better example) |
C4 The evolving web (10 hours)
Evolution of the web, cloud computing, copyright / IP, democratisation of the web?
| Link | Description | Other comments |
| link | Democratisation of the web | Has Web 2.0 led to an inequality in participation? - link to power laws |
| link | The Web as a driver of democracy | Article by Eric Schmidt |
| link | How Web 2.0 Works | People can determine the content and appearance of the wb |
| link | Types of cloud computing | A discussion of public and private cloud computing |
| link | Ethernet switches won't support the cloud | 5 reasons why the traditional network may not migrate to being a cloud based one |
HL extension - 15 hours
C5 Analysing the web (5 hours)
Web graphs
Note that these articles are for a level beyond the requirements of this topic, so teachers should look at the assessment statements in the Guide, the depth of coverage in the Specimen Paper and the time allocated for the teaching of the topic.
There is no need to study the mathematical equations in the algorithms.
An understanding of the bowtie structure of the web and the link to power laws is also required.
| Link | Description | Other comments |
 webgraph lecture notes.pdf | Lecture notes used by Les Carr (Southampton University) | Reproduced with permission of the author |
| Web as a graph.pdf | The Web as a graph | Information on the bowtie structure |
| Overview | powerpoint presentation - theory of web graphs, edges and vertices, bowtie structure, deep web, power laws | |
| article or PDF: Here | Graph structure of the web as a bowtie including information on the strongly connected components (SCC), relevance of power laws by Andrei Broder1, Ravi Kumar2, Farzin Maghoul1, Prabhakar Raghavan2, Sridhar Rajagopalan2, Raymie Stata3, Andrew Tomkins2, Janet Wiener3. | As 1: AltaVista Company, San Mateo, CA.2: IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA.3: Compaq Systems Research Center, Palo Alto, CA. |
| link | Graph Theory and the web map | |
| link | Google's PageRank Explained | |
| link | Page rank explained by linksand law.com | There is a large amount of information related to the calculations that are beyond the scope of the course |
C6 The intelligent web (10 hours)
The Semantic web, ontologies and folksonomies, ambient and collective intelligence.
| Link | Description | Other comments |
| link | Web Science | An article written by Professor Nigel Shadbolt, Professor Dame Wendy Hall FRS, Professor James Hendler and Professor William Dutton |
| link | Collective Intelligence | Article from MIT based on harnessing collective intelligence to research climate change |
| link | Definitions of Collective Information | |
| link | Collective inteliigence | Article based on the work of Thomas W Malone at MIT |